2. LASH-VESSEL
2. LASH-VESSEL
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“Lash” stands for “Lighter Aboard Ship”. A Lash- vessel has a main deck that is flat and without any obstacles. A lighter is a container that floats in the water. The containers may be hoisted on board by the vessel’s own heavy derricks that stack them on board. Another say of loading the containers on board is by submerging the vessel first (for this she must be equipped with a powerful pumping-system), then have tugs or push boats tow or push the lighters over the Lash-vessel, after which the vessel will emerge again and will "pick up" the lighters. This type of vessel is also referred to as a "Seabee". Heavy-load vessels have been designed to lift and carry extremely heavy cargo on the main deck. Their most prominent features are very heavy derricks ("booms"), masts and lifting-blocks. Their cargoes, such as drilling platforms, engines, yachts, trains, derelicts and wrecks, are loaded onto the main deck, which is flat and free from any obstacles. A special way of loading and carrying heavy cargo is performed by submerging the ship and have the cargo-module float over it. She must be equipped with a powerful pumping-space. After pumping the ship empty the vessel will emerge again and will pick up the cargo.
Timber is a raw material from which wood-products are manufactured. Vessels that carry timber can easily be recognised by their tall derricks. A timber carrier has been designed in such a way that she can carry a tall deck cargo. Her Plimsoll Mark is provided with a special timber Load-line that indicates the maximum draft to which she is allowed to be loaded under certain circumstances and in different seasons. Cargo ships that carry both general cargo, bulk cargo and containerised cargo are called multi-purpose (or multi-loads) vessels. These ships are equipped with a variety of cargo handling gears to load and discharge the different types of cargoes. An OBO-ship has been designed to carry oil/bulk/ore. She has been subdivided in such a way that oil can be carried in the largest compartments and ore can be carried in the smaller compartments.
Passenger ships, such as cross-Channel ferries, have been designed to carry passengers and their vehicles on a prearranged route. Their main features are more or less the same as the features of the Ro/Ro vessels. Cruise ships have been especially designed to carry holidaymakers.
A. Match the words in Column A with their meanings in Column B.
Column A
Column A
1) derricks
2) hoist
3) extremely
4) raw
5) prearrange
Column B
Column B
a) basic materials that are used to make a product
b) planned in advanced
c) very or much more than usual
d) raise something, sometimes using a rope or machine
e) a large device on the deck of the ship for lifting and moving cargo
B. Say whether the following statements are True or False
B. Say whether the following statements are True or False
1) Lash vessels have a flat main deck and obstacles.
2) Timber carriers can carry tall deck cargo.
3) Multi-purpose vessels have various cargo handling gears to load and discharge the different types of cargoes.
4) The features of passenger ships are exactly the same as the features of Ro/Ro vessels.
5) Cruise ships are designed to carry vacationers.
C. Answer the following questions in complete sentences.
C. Answer the following questions in complete sentences.
What are the most distinct features of heavy-load vessels?
Describe the special method of loading and carrying heavy cargo.
What kind of cargoes do multi-purpose vessels carry?
Why are multi-purpose vessels equipped with a variety of cargo handling gears?
How does an OBO carry oil and ore?
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