10. THE SHIP

The main structure of the ship is hull. Within the hull are the tween decks or platforms on which the cargo rests. The uppermost platform or the upper deck, covers the holds in which cargo is stowed. It is loaded and discharged either by cranes on the quay or by the ship’s derricks. Derricks are operated by winches. The derricks are fitted to masts which stand on the upper deck. The cargo passes into or out of the holds through cargo hatches.

At sea, the ship is controlled from the bridge by the captain and navigating officers. The front part of a ship is called the bow and the rear part the stern. Near the bridge is the funnel. Smoke and gases pass through the funnel from the engine. The engine is fitted near the bottom of the ship in the engine room. The engine drives the propeller at the stern of the ship. The anchors and cables and the windlass are located in the bow of the ship.

The right side of a ship facing the bow is called the starboard side and the other side is the port side. The beam is the greatest width of the ship. The draught is the depth of the ship's bottom or the keel below the water surface. 

The captain and officers are accommodated in cabins. These are located in the middle part of the ship near the bridge. The other members of the crew live in cabins. They are usually in the rear part of the ship.

A. Match the words in Column A with Column B.