Part A
Part A
When do we use Present Continuous Tense?
1) To talk about something which is in progress
E.g. I am learning in the class right now.
2) To talk about future actions which is already arranged
E.g. We have bought the tickets. We are going to the show tonight.
Common time words used in this tense are NOW, RIGHY NOW, AT THE MOMENT and other future time words like TOMORROW, NEXT WEEK, NEXT YEAR, etc. and WATCH OUT! LISTEN! LOOK! BE CAREFUL!
1) The sun is (rises, rising) above the hills.
2) The engine (is not working, work) well. We need to fix it in a hurry.
3) Watch out! It (was falling, is falling) off.
4) He (is hanging, has hung) out with his old friends these days.
5) They (are having, have) a break time right now. Not working.
6) According to the itinerary, they (will go/are going) to New York tomorrow.
7) They (have packed/ are packing) already. They (are leaving/ leave) now.
8) The tide (is rising/ rises) but wait for the sufficient depth.
9) Now they (manage/ are managing) the area carefully not like in past.
10) The recent oil spill is (killed/ killing) many aquatic life.
When do we use Simple Present Tense?
1) To talk about the general truth
E.g. Sea water is salty because it has full of minerals.
2) To talk about habitual actions
E.g. I often have bread for my breakfast but mostly I have a traditional breakfast like Moathingar.
3) To talk about real possibility with if clause
E.g. If it rains, we won’t go sailing.
4) To talk about the actions happening in the instantaneous present
E.g. He hits him to the face and drags him out of the room.
5) To talk about the schedule for future action
E.g. Bill arrives at 6pm in the evening. We are meeting him at the airport.
Commonly use time words are ONCE A MONTH, EVERY DAY, IMMEDIATELY, SOMETIMES, ALWAYS, etc.
1) Jet engines (makes, make) a lot of noise.
2) I (am not living, don’t live) in London. I live in Germany.
3) The high-rise structure in old city (changes, is change) the view a bit.
4) The mother (gets, is getting) onto the bus in tears and (waves, is waving) her hand.
5) The movie (starts, is starting) at 5:30 every Thursday evening.
When do we use Present Perfect Tense?
1) To talk about an action that has already taken place
E.g. I have already done my work. (since yesterday)
2) To talk about action which happened from a period of time in the past till now (Experience)
E.g. I have been to that place several times.
3) To talk about an action that started in the past and continues up to the present.
E.g. She has worked for the UN for more than three years.
Commonly use time words are ALREADY, JUST, YET, EVER, NEVER, RECENTLY, LATELY,
FOR----, SINCE------.
1) We (have never seen, had never seen) such a huge ship. I’m so surprise to see it.
2) He is our instructor. He (has taught/ teaches) us for three months.
3) Jim (broke/has broken) his leg in an accident. His leg is in a cast.
4) They (have not discharged/ do not discharge) the cargo yet.
5) Mr. Tim (have lived/ has lived) in this place for 40 years.
6) I (decided/ have decided) to take up the master course in coming semester.
7) He (completes/ has completed) his duty. He is reporting now.
8) It (has been/ was) awhile to stay off from sea. I’m going back.
9) We (are/ have been) away from there for six hours.
10) He didn’t come to school today. This means that he (has been/ was) absent for five consecutive days without leave.
When do we use Simple Past tense?
1) To talk about an action or a situation in the past
E.g. Did you draw up the plan last time?
2) To talk about habitual action in the past
E.g. I smoked after every meal a couple of years ago.
3) To use after the word “wish” for the opposite result we get
E.g. I wish I scored a hundred marks in Physics.
Commonly used time words are YESTERDAY, LAST NIGHT, PREVIOUS YEARS, A WEEK AGO, JUSTNOW
1) They (set off/ were set off) their journey last week.
2) Italy (deployed/ deploys) its first artificial reefs in 1974.
3) The new engineer (installed/ has installed) this device the day before.
4) They did (loaded/load) last for the cargo to be discharge first.
5) While the foreman was standing on the deck, they (started/ were starting) to discharge the cargo.
6) The gigantic waves (swept/sweep) out the shore destructively leaving this aftermath.
7) After they had fixed the machine, it (goes/went) on smooth without being on a blink again.
8) I wish I (don’t take/ didn’t take) up this turn.
9) Fortunately, fire (was extinguished/ extinguished) completely by the fire fighters in time.
10) There (was/ has been) a torrential rain last night which caused this flood.
When do we use Past Continuous Tense?
1) To talk about an action happening at the SPECIFIC past time
E.g. We were having a big discussion at 7pm last night.
2) To talk about an action happening when there was an interruption.
E.g. While the vessel was cruising around, they heard a loud bust.
3) To talk about two actions happening at the same time in the past.
E.g. While I was writing in the class, he was texting message on his cell phone.
Commonly use time words are WHEN and WHILE or precise time statement.
1) We (left/were leaving) the berth when the fire alarm broke out.
2) While the security was checking the vicinity, he was (ambushed/ ambushing).
3) When I (got/was getting) there, they (were holding/hold) a meeting.
4) He (was lying /lay) down and (reading/ read) a book while I was checking my email.
5) When I (was reaching/ reached) to school this morning, the bell (rang/was ringing) and all the students (were walking/walked) into the classroom.
6) I (looked/ was looking) for my pen when I discovered that I (had/ was having) it in my pocket all the time.
7) While I (was giving / gave) a warning, they started to attack.
8) They (were sailing/ sailing) in uncharted waters when they (were seeing/saw) strange sea creature.
9) Last whole week, we (were preparing/ prepared) for our presentation.
10) While the foreman (was supervising/supervised) in the ship’s hold, the winch man (is operating/operated) the winches.
When do we use Present Perfect Continuous Tense?
1) To talk about an action which began in the past and is still continuing
E.g. It has been snowing for three days. (It is still snowing.)
2) To talk about an action that began in the past and continued to the very recent past. In this case, the result of the action is seen in the present
E.g. It has been snowing for three days. (It isn’t snowing now, but there are snows on the ground.)
Commonly use time words are ALREADY, JUST, YET, EVER, NEVER, RECENTLY, LATELY,
FOR----, SINCE------.
1) His French is good. He (studies/ has been studying) for five years.
2) I don’t know this place well because I (am not living/haven’t been living) here for long.
3)We (was trying /have been trying) to reach them for hours. But still can’t get through.
4) What (have you done/have you been doing) these days? You look so tired.
5) I’m sorry, I’m late. (Have you been waiting/Have you waited) long?
6) They don’t know that we (are /have been) travelling around Europe for a month.
7)Paul (has been sailing/ has sailed) for his whole life. He knows things.
8) Where have you been? We (have been/ are) looking for you the whole morning.
9) We (have been/ had been) trying to level this for three hours. Now we are going to stop.
10) There is paint on his clothes. I think (he has been painting/ paints) the room.
When do we use past perfect tense?
1) To talk about an action that was completed before another took place.
E.g. When I had submitted the answer paper, I got out of the examination room.
2) To replace present perfect tense in reported speech.
E.g. Jim said, “I have done my work.”
Jim said he had done his work.
Commonly use time words are WHEN, BEFORE, AFTER etc.
1) The ship (had left/has left) when we got to the port.
2) Before he (gave / had given) a signal, they (had found/ found) out already.
3) They stopped working after the sun (set/had set).
4) Just before I (left/ had left) the country, I had sent him a cable to him.
5) The boat (disappear/ had disappeared) before we could identify her.
6) (Had they gone/ Did they go) away before you gave us an alarm?
7) What (happened/had happened) here was not known till he found out.
8) They (didn’t reviewed/ hadn’t reviewed) when we asked them.
9) I (have put on/had put on) my uniform when he showed up and told me I could be off that day.
10) We (had known/ knew) each other for years before we joined this course.
When do we use Past Perfect Continuous Tense?
1) When we are talking about the past, we sometimes want to refer back to an earlier past.
E.g. Dave had been driving for an hour when his car broke down.
2) We use the past perfect continuous (e.g. Dave had been driving for an hour) to talk about something which had been in progress up to the past time we are talking about (e.g. when his car broke down).
E.g. I'd been walking for about half an hour when it suddenly started to rain.
Mr. Woods had been working for 50 years when he finally retired in 1965.
1) I (have been standing/had been standing) there for nearly a half an hour when I realized I was at the wrong bus-stop.
2) Maria's sister (is studying/had been studying) at university for eight years before she finally passed her exams.
3) ‘I'm really sorry I was so late last night.' 'That's OK. We (have not waited/ had not been waiting) long.'
4)The strange thing was that we (had just been talking/ are talking) about ghosts when we heard the noise upstairs.
5) 'Robert moved from Manchester to London in 1988.' 'How long (has he lived/ had he been living) in Manchester?'
When do we use “Going to” form?
1) To talk about an action that is certain to happen in future
E.g. There are black clouds in the sky. It is going to rain.
2) To talk about an action which is believe to happen in future
E.g. The sky is clouding over. It will rain soon.
3) To talk about the thing we decide to do
E.g. I didn’t know the test is next week. I will study from now on.
Commonly use time words are any time word indicating the future.
1) Look out! The pole (falls/is going to) fall.
2) I decided to sit the exam. I (am not going to / don’t) drop the course.
3) I will make this clear. I (will/ am going to) ask this to office officially.
4) Don’t speed up. You (are going to/ will) take us to danger.
5) I think they (will/ are going to) show up late.
6) According to the weather report, there (will/ is going to) be a sun shine tomorrow.
7) The delay (will/ is going to) bother the perishable cargo to my experience.
8) Do you mind if I borrow your book for a day? I (will/ am going to) give you back tomorrow.
9) Would you come over for a dinner with us? We (will / are going to) pick you up if you like.
10) I (will/ am going to) finish my duty at 5:00pm. I (am going to/ will) see you then.
1) There was a situation and it was/had been very critical.
2) While he was holding the case, it escaped/had escaped very quickly that we were so stunned.
3) The route was not so safe that everyone on board should be/should have been alert.
4) It is so true that they will find out/find out about the pilfering soon.
5) After gaining some experience, I am understanding/understand now.
6) We’ve been working/we are working since 9:00am.
7) I had never seen/have never seen President U Thein Sein personally in my life.
8) We are not allowed/not allow to dump anything into the sea.
9) Japan is/ has a world leader in reef technology.
10) It is mainly to discourage trawling and enhancing/ enhance the productivity of fisheries.
11) Do you prepare/ Have you prepared for the trip yet?
12) These carboys contain/are containing toxic chemicals.
13) He doesn’t remember/is not remembering the ship he joined.
14) Can you hear me what I am saying/ say right now?
15) I wish we could/ can go there.
16) I am trying to phone/have been trying to phone you the whole day.
17) What are you thinking/do you think about my plan?
18) If it is clear, we would approach/will approach there.
19) We learn and memorize/are learning and memorizing when we study.
20) The captain didn’t allowed/didn’t allow the crews to hold a party.
21) The collision occurred/had occurred before we arrived there.
22) The gigantic waves swept/sweep out the shore destructively leaving this aftermath.
23) Environment has become/become more vulnerable today.
24) They were sailing/sailed in uncharted waters when they saw strange sea creature.
25) We will surely find/are surely find the way to reach that course.
26) We had known/knew each other for years before we joined this course.
27) We left/were leaving the berth when the fire alarm broke out.
28) I will/ am going to finish my duty at 5:00pm. I will see you then.
29) The rain is going to/will get heavy. Don’t leave now.
30) “How long have you been/are you ill?” “Since yesterday,”
31) When I reached the port, I found out that my ship had left/left already.
32) The traffic is very bad this morning. We will be/are going to be late for our lecture.
33) He was studying/has been studying Russian for two years but he doesn’t even know the alphabet yet.
34) If measures are not taken seriously, sea life will/would suffer severely.
35) The news on TV always starts/starting at 6 o’clock in the evening.
36) I saw a big ship last week. I have never/had never seen one before.
37) The bell has been rung/ has been ringing for half an hour but no one comes out.
38) Lights for navigation existed/have existed for more than 3000 years.
39) I will make this clear. I am going to/will ask to the office officially.
40) The boat had disappeared before we could/can identify her.
41) I saw him wait/waiting taxi near the corner yesterday.
42) They were loading/have been loading the cargos for hours.
43) The victims had been evacuated/were being evacuated before the flood got higher.
44) We have never seen/had never seen a huge ship in our life. We were so surprised to see her.
45) Did you enjoy/Were you enjoy yourself at the party last night?
46) There are black clouds in the sky. It is going to/will rain soon.
47) Are you being/Have you been to London before?
48) London is changed/has changed a lot since then.
49) I have never seen/did not saw a ghost
50) When my car broke down, I phoned/phone a garage.
51) We were going/are going down in the lift when suddenly it stopped.
52) 'How long have you been/are you ill?
53) Don't climb up that tree. You will fall/are going to fall.
54) Look out! You will/are going to fall!
55) I think/I'm thinking you're right.
56) Do you know/Are you knowing Billy Palmer?
57) When the cadet phoned/phones me, I was having lunch with my doctor.
58) Depending on its place, the choice of materials for an artificial reef has varied/varies.
59) It’s been/it’s being more than nine years that we are working together.
60) You have worked/have been working on it for ages. When will you finish?
61) According to the itinerary, they go/will go to New York, Big Apple.
62) Oil spill always has killed/kills many of the aquatic life.
63) They are having/have been had a brake time now. Not working.
64) Watch out! It’s going to/It will fall on the car.
65) If it is clear, we would approach/will approach there.
66) I read/have read this book for more than a million times. It is very entertaining.
67) Mr. Springer broke/has broken his leg. His leg is in a cast
68) You are very quiet. What are you thinking/do you think about?
69) Have you known/Do you know him for quite long?
70) There were/have been several major earthquakes in that area recently.
71) How were you/long have you been a seafarer?
72) There were many difficulties I have been/have being through.
73) If you are promoted/are promoting, don’t forget to treat us.
74) He usually helps/helped me out with my papers when I was busy.
75) We will go out/are going out this evening. We won’t be home.
76) It’s been/it’s being more than nine years that we are working together.
77) The temperature is getting lower/gets lower every day in winter.
78) Neither of us is joining/are joining this course.
79) We have already answered/answered the question since yesterday.
80) When she phoned/phones me, I was having lunch.
81) Listen! There is someone calling out/was someone calling out for help.
82) I had/have assignment to submit then.
83) Watch out! We have run/are running into the danger.
84) We learn and memorize/are learning and memorizing when we study.
85) I read/have read this book for more than a million times. It is very entertaining.
86) Mr. Springer broke/has broken his leg. His leg is in a cast
87) You are very quiet. What are you thinking/do you think about?
88) Have you known/Do you know him for quite long?
89) There were/have been several major earthquakes in that area recently.
90) How were you/long have you been a seafarer?
91) That’s the silliest article I ever read/have ever read.
92) Are you going to help/Will you help me lift this, please? It’s heavy.
93) Sarah wasn’t here in June. She travelled/was travelling round Europe.
94) Have you finished your project yet? You have worked/have been working on it for ages.
95) I’m all right. I think/am thinking about what I have to do tomorrow.
96) I have been cleaning/am cleaning my flat for the past two hours.
97) Have you known/Do you know Sarah for very long?
98) When I opened the safe, the money had disappeared/disappeared.
99) ‘I’m going out for a walk’. ‘It’s raining’. ‘Oh, is it? Well, I will/won’t go out now.
100) That's the best performance I've seen/have ever seen.